Repeated measurements design involve one or more treatments on the same subject. Usually we cannot asumme the observational errors to be independent of each other. Using multivariate approach we can avoid the restrictive assumptions of the usual univariate mixed model. Example, two within subjects factors and one between subjects (grouping) factor: ANOVA TIMM,20 DEPENDENT=Y11,Y12,Y13,Y21,Y22,Y23,Y31,Y32,Y33 GROUPING=Group Group=1,2 WITHIN=C,B WLEVELS=3,3 where the values of the variate measured on several conditions (combination of the two treatments) are given as dependent variables. The order of a dependent variable defines the treatment combination. First variable referred in WITHIN and WLEVELS indicates the treatment which is changed fastests. In the example, the first number in the name tells the treatment B and the latter the treatment C (which values change fastest). The parameter HFORM has the same effect on between factors as in usual MANOVA model. When an interaction consisting only of one type of factors is tested, we can either assume that the effects of within and between factors do not interact (PARALL=1) or we can do tests without that assumption (PARALL=0). When we testing an interaction involving both types (e.g. CG in the example) then all higher order interactions of within factors are assumed to be zero (BCG in the example). Setting PARALL=1 is the same that we assume that profiles for each group have the same shape. At this moment you must have at least one between (grouping) factor, if you have more than one within factors. The overall parallelism (in the example H:GC & GB & GCB = 0) may be tested as follows: ANOVA TIMM,20 DEPENDENT=Y11,Y12,Y13,Y21,Y22,Y23,Y31,Y32,Y33 GROUPING=Group WITHIN=Combined WLEVELS=9 In multivariate repeated measurements situation several variates are observed repeatedly over several experimental conditions. E. g. ANOVA MANDIBLE,20 DEPENDENT=SOR1,ANS1,PAL1,SOR2,ANS2,PAL2,SOR3,ANS3,PAL3 GROUPING=Group WITHIN=Activatr WLEVELS=3 Remark that the values of variates measured on the same treatment combination must be given in sequence and in the same order for each treatment combination. Note: No covariates accepted in repeated measurements yet! Further information: M = Multivariate analysis of (co)variance A = More on ANOVA operations