Classical multidimensional scaling (Richardson 1938, Torgerson 1952) /CSCAL D,m,CSCAL,CSEIGEN,CSCENT,CSDIST makes classical MDS from a given distance matrix D. Thus D is a n*n matrix of distances or dissimilarities of n objects. m gives the number of dimesions (scales) to be computed. The results are saved in matrix files as follows: default matrix name Scale values (n*m) CSCAL CSCAL.M Eigenvalues (1*n) CSEIGEN CSEIGEN.M Eigenvalues (percentages) (1*n) CSCENT CSCENT.M Reproduced distances (n*n) CSDIST CSDIST.M M = More information on MDS